Trichomoniasis, commonly known as "trich," is a prevalent and treatable sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. While many individuals with trichomoniasis may not experience symptoms, it remains a significant health concern. Here is a comprehensive overview of trichomoniasis, its symptoms, complications, testing methods, and treatment 

 

What is Trichomoniasis?

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Trichomoniasis is a common STD caused by an infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite. Despite its prevalence, most individuals infected with trichomoniasis may not exhibit any noticeable symptoms. 

It is estimated that over two million trichomoniasis infections occurred in the United States alone in 2018. However, only about 30% of those infected develop symptoms. The infection is more frequently found in women than in men, with older women at a higher risk than younger women. 

 

 

Signs and Symptoms of Trichomoniasis: 

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Most people with trichomoniasis have no signs or symptoms, but symptoms may develop over time. 

 

Women may experience: 

• A large amount of thin, often foul-smelling discharge from the vagina, which might be clear, white, grey, yellow, or green. 

• Genital redness, burning, and itching. 

• Pain with urination or sex. 

• Discomfort over the lower stomach area. 

 

Men may experience: 

Men with trichomoniasis may rarely experience symptoms, which may include:

• Itching or irritation inside the penis. 

• Burning with urination or after ejaculation. 

• Discharge from the penis. 

These symptoms may vary from mild to severe and can persist over time. It is important to note that around 70% of infected individuals may not experience any symptoms, emphasising the need for regular testing, especially for sexually active individuals. 

 

Complications of Trichomoniasis: 

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Trichomoniasis can increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Additionally, pregnant individuals with trichomoniasis have a higher likelihood of premature birth and delivering low birth weight babies. 

 

How is Trichomoniasis Spread? 

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Trichomoniasis is primarily transmitted through sexual activity without the use of condoms with an infected partner. The infection commonly affects the lower genital tract in women (vulva, vagina, cervix, or urethra) and the urethra in men. During sexual intercourse, the parasite can spread from one partner to another, regardless of gender. 

  

Trichomoniasis Testing and Treatment 

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Diagnosing trichomoniasis often requires laboratory testing, as symptoms alone may not be sufficient for diagnosis. Healthcare providers typically collect samples from the urethra or vaginal area for testing.  

Treatment involves antibiotics administered orally, which are also safe for pregnant individuals. However, reinfection is possible, highlighting the importance of treating sexual partners simultaneously and abstaining from sex until both partners complete treatment. 

 

Prevention of Trichomoniasis 

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Preventing trichomoniasis involves practising safe sex by using condoms consistently and correctly. Additionally, being in a mutually monogamous relationship with a tested partner can reduce the risk of infection. 

 

Trichomonas Testing 

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Various methods can be used to test for trichomoniasis, including swabbing the urethra or providing a urine sample. A DNA test can detect the infection shortly after exposure. 

 

Follow-Up Testing and Care 

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Individuals treated for trichomoniasis should undergo follow-up testing, especially if there is a risk of reinfection or if symptoms persist. Adherence to treatment instructions and prompt medical advice is essential if symptoms recur or if there are concerns about reinfection.

 

 

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Have a Chat with Us!

Trichomoniasis testing, screening, and treatment are available at all PULSE clinics in Hong Kong. If you have any concerns, please get in touch with our STD clinic or make an appointment online.

 

Your privacy and confidentiality will be ensured during all discussions, tests, and treatments with our doctor.

 

 

Other Common STDs in Hong Kong 

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In addition to trichomoniasis, several other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are prevalent in Hong Kong. Understanding these diseases and their associated risks is essential for maintaining sexual health. Here are some of the most common STDs in Hong Kong:

 

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which primarily affects the genital, rectal, and throat areas. It is spread through unprotected sexual contact and can lead to serious health complications if left untreated.

 

Chlamydia: If left untreated, the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which causes chlamydia, can result in several complications. It often presents with symptoms like trichomoniasis, such as genital discharge and discomfort during urination.

 

Syphilis: Treponema pallidum is a bacterial infection that causes syphilis. It progresses through various stages and can result in severe health issues if not properly treated. Early syphilis symptoms may include painless sores or ulcers on the genitals, which can quickly go unnoticed.

 

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): HSV is the cause of the viral STD known as genital herpes, characterised by the formation of painful sores or blisters in the genital area. These sores may periodically recur and exhibit flu-like symptoms.

 

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: HPV is a highly prevalent viral infection that can cause genital warts or increase the risk of certain types of cancer, including cervical cancer. In many cases, HPV infection may not present with any symptoms, making regular screening essential for early detection.

 

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): HIV is a viral infection that attacks the immune system, potentially leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if not correctly managed with antiretroviral therapy. Early detection through regular testing is crucial for timely intervention and treatment.

 

Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through blood and bodily fluids but can also be contracted through sexual contact. If left untreated, it can lead to chronic liver infections and increase the risk of liver cancer. Vaccination is available for hepatitis B and is recommended for individuals at risk of exposure.

 

If you suspect you may have been exposed to any of these STDs or are experiencing symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly for testing, diagnosis, and treatment. Early intervention can mitigate the risk of complications and promote overall well-being.

 

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Have a Chat with Us!

Trichomoniasis testing, screening, and treatment are available at all PULSE clinics in Hong Kong. If you have any concerns, please get in touch with our STD clinic or make an appointment online.

 

Your privacy and confidentiality will be ensured during all discussions, tests, and treatments with our doctor.